Journal of Applied Biosciences (J. Appl. Biosci.) [ISSN 1997 - 5902]
Volume 47: 3256 - 3263. Published November 29, 2011.
The effects of hormonal components of nutrient medium, cultivar and explant type on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) callus formation in vitro
Ghasemi Bezdi Kamal*, Bay Zahra2, Behrooz Aidin3
1Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Beheshti St, Gorgan, Iran., 2 M.Sc. in Agricultural Biotechnology, Gonbad, Iran., 3 M.Sc. in Plant Breeding, Gorgan, Iran.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The study aimed to optimize tissue culture conditions of cotton (Gossypium sp.).
Methodology and results: The study was carried out at the Cotton Research Institute of Iran (CRII) in Gorgan with 4 cotton cultivars, i.e. Sahel, Sepid, Coker 312*349 and No.200. Cotyledonary leaves, hypocotyls and crown explants excised from 7 days-old seedlings grown under in vitro conditions were cultured on MS basal medium with B5 medium vitamins containing various hormonal combinations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and 6-Benzylamino purine (BAP). Analysis of results showed that percent of callus formation was significant at 1% level for hormonal combinations in medium, cultivar, explant type and all interactions of studied factors. The highest callus formation was observed in cv. Sahel and Sepid at 41.9%. The hypocotyl explants with 51.3% had the highest frequency of callus formation, followed by crown and cotyledonary explants. The highest callus formation (75%) was observed in the hypocotyl explants cultured on MS medium containing 2 mg/l NAA without cytokinin. For crown and cotyledonary explants the highest callus formation was observed in MS media containing 1 mg/l NAA without cytokinin.
Conclusion and application of results: The results suggest that plant growth regulators are essential for callus formation. The higher levels of auxins can positively affect callus formation of different explants of cotton cultivars, but cytokinins have a negative effect. Therefore, low concentration of cytokinins with high concentration of auxins in nutrient medium increases callus formation frequency in cotton.
Keywords: Explant, Callus formation, Tissue culture, Cotton, Hormones.
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