Journal of Applied Biosciences (J. Appl. Biosci.) [ISSN 1997 - 5902]
Volume 81: 7233 - 7240 Published September 30, 2014
Epidemiological survey of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis in Mayo-Louti Division, Northern Region Cameroon
1Saotoing P., 1Wadoube Z., 2Njan Nlôga A-M.1: The University of Maroua, Higher Teachers’ Training College, Department of Life and Earth Sciences
2: The Ngaoundéré University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
Corresponding author: psaotoing@yahoo.fr/psaotoing@gmail.com
Original submitted in on 30th July 2014. Published online at www.m.elewa.org on 30th September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v81i1.9
ABSTRACT
Objective:
In order to determine the presence of bilharzia parasites in the
populations, an epidemiological study on urinary and intestinal
schistosomiasis was conducted from 09 September 2012 to 14 June 2013 in
three villages namely: Badadji, Ouro-Marey and Kakala in Mayo-Louti
Sub-Division, North Region Cameroon.
Methodology and results: A sample of 1080 people provided answers for the questionnaire and underwent urine and stools tests. The results revealed the presence of two types of schistosomes: Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni. The overall prevalence for these two species is 38.52%. The prevalence of each species was higher for S. haematobium (28.85%) S. mansoni (11.66 %). The infestation did not depend on sex; prevalence is 20.92% for females against 17.60% for males. A non-significant difference was noted between the sexes (χ2 = 2.534, df = 1, p> 0.05). All age groups were affected by two types of infections with a clear dominance of Schistosoma haematobium in all age groups. Youth between 0-10 years were most affected by both species, with an average rate of 22.22% compared to 10-20 years old (19.44%) and 16.11% for adult who are more than 20 years old. The village of Ouro-Marey, with 47.22% of prevalence rate for Schistosoma haematobium is the most affected by the species against 27.77% and 5.55% for Kakala and for Badadji villages respectively. For cons, the Badadji village has the highest prevalence of S. mansoni (32.77%) against (1.11%) for each of the other two villages. The presence of ectopic egg in urine of S. mansoni (0.18%) in a girl at Ouro-Marey shows that this village was a former home for the S. haematobium.
Conclusion: We have noticed that populations are unaware of existence of bilharzia parasite in their environment. They do not know the means or way of transmission the bilharzia. Infected people are needed to be treated and it is also appropriate to sensitize the populations in order to avoid the contact with bilharzia.
Key words: Epidemiological survey, prevalence, schistosomiasis, stool, urine, North Cameroon.Methodology and results: A sample of 1080 people provided answers for the questionnaire and underwent urine and stools tests. The results revealed the presence of two types of schistosomes: Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni. The overall prevalence for these two species is 38.52%. The prevalence of each species was higher for S. haematobium (28.85%) S. mansoni (11.66 %). The infestation did not depend on sex; prevalence is 20.92% for females against 17.60% for males. A non-significant difference was noted between the sexes (χ2 = 2.534, df = 1, p> 0.05). All age groups were affected by two types of infections with a clear dominance of Schistosoma haematobium in all age groups. Youth between 0-10 years were most affected by both species, with an average rate of 22.22% compared to 10-20 years old (19.44%) and 16.11% for adult who are more than 20 years old. The village of Ouro-Marey, with 47.22% of prevalence rate for Schistosoma haematobium is the most affected by the species against 27.77% and 5.55% for Kakala and for Badadji villages respectively. For cons, the Badadji village has the highest prevalence of S. mansoni (32.77%) against (1.11%) for each of the other two villages. The presence of ectopic egg in urine of S. mansoni (0.18%) in a girl at Ouro-Marey shows that this village was a former home for the S. haematobium.
Conclusion: We have noticed that populations are unaware of existence of bilharzia parasite in their environment. They do not know the means or way of transmission the bilharzia. Infected people are needed to be treated and it is also appropriate to sensitize the populations in order to avoid the contact with bilharzia.
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