Journal of Applied Biosciences (J. Appl. Biosci.) [ISSN 1997 – 5902]
Volume 77: 6500 – 6508 Published May 31, 2014.
Influence de la fertilisation à base des déchets humains recyclés, des engrais minéraux et de leur combinaison sur le comportement de 3 variétés de maïs (Zea mays L.)
Luciens Nyembo Kimuni, Ilunga Tabu Hugues, Emmanuel Muyambo Musaya, Augustin Ekondo Okese, Mick Assani Bin Lukangila, Antoine Kanyenga Lubobo, Michel Mpundu Mubemba, Louis Baboy Longanza
Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, BP 1825 RD Congo
Correspondance : luciensnyembokimuni@gmail.com; michelmpundu@gmail.com
Original submitted in on 11th February 2014. Published online at www.m.elewa.org on 31st May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v77i1.2
RÉSUMÉ
Objectifs : L’utilisation des déchets urbains solides en agriculture urbaine est une pratique courante. Dans le cas des cultures céréalières, les déchets sont apportés avec peu ou sans engrais minéral et leurs effets sur les cultures et sur le sol sont cependant peu connus. Ce travail a été initié en vue d’évaluer les effets des apports combinés de déchets humains recyclés et des engrais minéraux sur le rendement du maïs. Méthodologie et résultats : L’essai a été installé suivant un dispositif factoriel à trois répétitions. Les effets de quatre doses de déchets humains recyclés (0 ; 1,75 ; 3,5 et 7 t.ha-1) ont été évalués sur trois variétés de maïs (Babungo, Unilu et Katanga). Les déchets étaient apportées seuls ou avec un supplément d’engrais minéral (0 kg, 300 kg NPK+200 kg d’urée ha -1, et 150 kg NPK+100 kg d’urée ha-1). La variété Babungo adonné le rendement le plus élevé (6,6 t.ha-1) que les deux autres variétés qui ont donné des rendements similaires statistiquement (5,3 t.ha-1 pour la variété Katanga et 4,4 t.ha-1 pour Unilu). Comparés au rendement obtenu sur les parcelles fertilisées aux déchets humains ou aux engrais minéraux seuls, les rendements ont été accrus sur les parcelles où les deux fertilisants ont été combinés, hormis la faible dose des déchets humains recyclés combinés aux engrais minéraux (quelle que soit la dose) ou la dose intermédiaire des déchets humains recyclés fèces humaines combinées à la dose de référence des engrais minéraux réduite de moitié.
Conclusion et application : La rentabilité des doses élevées des déchets humains recyclés appliqués seuls ou combinés aux engrais minéraux est comparable à celle obtenue avec les engrais minéraux appliqués seuls (traitements rentables). En revanche, la faible dose de déchets humains recyclés appliquées seule qui a donné une rentabilité excellente (Rapport valeur sur Cout=7,73). La population Katangaise étant en pleine expansion, ceci entraine une augmentation des besoins alimentaires parallèlement à une production élevée des déchets et effluents. Le recyclage de déchets participe à l’assainissement environnemental et la lutte contre la pauvreté par l’accroissement des rendements.
Conclusion et application : La rentabilité des doses élevées des déchets humains recyclés appliqués seuls ou combinés aux engrais minéraux est comparable à celle obtenue avec les engrais minéraux appliqués seuls (traitements rentables). En revanche, la faible dose de déchets humains recyclés appliquées seule qui a donné une rentabilité excellente (Rapport valeur sur Cout=7,73). La population Katangaise étant en pleine expansion, ceci entraine une augmentation des besoins alimentaires parallèlement à une production élevée des déchets et effluents. Le recyclage de déchets participe à l’assainissement environnemental et la lutte contre la pauvreté par l’accroissement des rendements.
MOTS CLES : Maïs, déchets humains recyclés, rendement, engrais minéraux
ABSTRACT
Influence of fertilization based on recycled human waste, mineral fertilizers and their combination on the behavior of three varieties of maize (Zea mays L.)
Objectives: The use of municipal solid waste in urban agriculture is a common practice. Recycled human waste made with little or no mineral fertilizers and their effects on crops and soil has however been poorly understood. This work was initiated to evaluate the effects of the combined inputs of recycled human waste and mineral fertilizers on the yield of maize. Methodology and Results: The trial was installed following a factorial design with three replications. The effects of four doses of recycled human waste (0, 1.75, 3.5 and 7 t.ha-1) were evaluated on three varieties of maize (Babungo, Unilu and Katanga). The waste was made alone or with a mineral fertilizer supplements (0 kg, 300 kgNPK+ 200 kg urea ha-1, 150 kg NPK+100 kg urea ha-1). The Babungo variety gave the highest yield (6.6 t.ha-1) compared to the other two varieties who gave similar yields statistically (5.3 t.ha-1 for Katanga variety and 4.4 t.ha-1 for Unilu). Compared to the yield obtained on plots fertilized with human waste or mineral fertilizers alone, yields were increased on plots where the two fertilizers were combined.Conclusion and Application: The profitability of high doses of recycled human waste applied alone or combined with mineral fertilizers is comparable to that obtained with mineral fertilizers applied alone (profitable treatments). In contrast, the low dose of recycled human wastes applied only to give excellent profitability (Ration Value by Cost= 7.73). Katangese has a growing population, this leads to an increase in food needs along with high production of waste and effluents. Recycling of waste involved in environmental sanitation and the fight against poverty through increased yields.
Objectives: The use of municipal solid waste in urban agriculture is a common practice. Recycled human waste made with little or no mineral fertilizers and their effects on crops and soil has however been poorly understood. This work was initiated to evaluate the effects of the combined inputs of recycled human waste and mineral fertilizers on the yield of maize. Methodology and Results: The trial was installed following a factorial design with three replications. The effects of four doses of recycled human waste (0, 1.75, 3.5 and 7 t.ha-1) were evaluated on three varieties of maize (Babungo, Unilu and Katanga). The waste was made alone or with a mineral fertilizer supplements (0 kg, 300 kgNPK+ 200 kg urea ha-1, 150 kg NPK+100 kg urea ha-1). The Babungo variety gave the highest yield (6.6 t.ha-1) compared to the other two varieties who gave similar yields statistically (5.3 t.ha-1 for Katanga variety and 4.4 t.ha-1 for Unilu). Compared to the yield obtained on plots fertilized with human waste or mineral fertilizers alone, yields were increased on plots where the two fertilizers were combined.Conclusion and Application: The profitability of high doses of recycled human waste applied alone or combined with mineral fertilizers is comparable to that obtained with mineral fertilizers applied alone (profitable treatments). In contrast, the low dose of recycled human wastes applied only to give excellent profitability (Ration Value by Cost= 7.73). Katangese has a growing population, this leads to an increase in food needs along with high production of waste and effluents. Recycling of waste involved in environmental sanitation and the fight against poverty through increased yields.
KEYWORDS: maize, recycled human waste, yield, mineral fertilizers
FULL PAPER [PDF AVAILABLE HERE]
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