Yameogo’s Abstract JABS VOl. 78

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Journal of Applied Biosciences (J. Appl. Biosci.) [ISSN 1997 – 5902]

Volume 78: 6743 – 6752  Published June 30, 2014

Le carbone et l’azote dans les différentes fractions granulométriques d’un sol brun eutrophe tropical sous irrigation de Bagré au Burkina Faso : effets de modes d’apports différents de matières organiques et minérales.

Zacharie SEGDA1,2*; Louis P. YAMEOGO1**, Moussa BONZI3+ et Michel P. SEDOGO3++

1 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Recherches de Farako-bâ, 01 BP 910 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso, 2 Centre Agricole Polyvalent de Matourkou, 01 BP 130 Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso. 3Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de recherches de Kamboinsé, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
*Auteur correspondant : E-mail : **ylouis5@yahoo.fr  ; cel : +226 71 91 14 50
Autres auteurs : E-mail : *zacharie.segda@yahoo.fr ; +mous_bonz@yahoo.fr; ++michel.sedogo@yahoo.fr;

Original submitted in on 21st January 2014. Published online at www.m.elewa.org on 30thJune 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v78i1.6

RESUME
Objectif : Une expérimentation a été conduite pour étudier l’influence des systèmes de culture (modes d’apports différents de matières organiques et minérales) sur l’évolution qualitative du carbone et de l’azote sur un sol brun eutrophe tropical en conditions de riziculture irriguée à Bagré au Burkina Faso.
Méthodologie et résultats : La méthode de fractionnement physique de la matière organique a été utilisée et a permis de suivre l’évolution du carbone organique et de l’azote total du sol. Les résultats montrent que la mise en culture conduit à une diminution du stock de carbone organique et de l’azote total dans les horizons supérieurs (0-20 cm) pendant qu’une accumulation est observée dans les horizons inférieurs (20-50 cm). Dans les horizons inférieurs, l’importance de cette accumulation dépend du niveau de restitution en fumure organique.
Conclusion et application : Contrairement aux résultats enregistrés dans les systèmes pluviaux, la mise en culture conduirait à une accumulation du carbone organique total et de l’azote total dans les sols sous irrigation par rapport à la “jachère”. L’exportation même totale des résidus culturaux des rizières n’influencerait pas cette accumulation qui est sous la dépendance de plusieurs facteurs. Ce résultat est d’un grand intérêt dans la gestion de la fumure organique et minérale d’autant plus que l’accumulation du carbone organique suppose en partie une faible minéralisation de la matière organique du sol. Ainsi, pour des cultures irriguées comme le riz beaucoup plus exigeantes en élément minéraux surtout l’azote, l’apport de fertilisants minéraux en combinaison avec la fumure organique bien décomposée pourrait assurer aux plantes une bonne alimentation minérale.  Aussi, malgré la production de méthane reconnue pour la riziculture irriguée, elle pourrait tout de même contribuer dans la séquestration du carbone atmosphérique.
Mots clés : carbone, azote, séquestration, sol irriguéCT
Objective: A study was carried out to evaluate the influence of cropping systems (modes of different contributions of organic and mineral fertilizers) on the qualitative evolution of soil organic carbon and nitrogen  of a tropical eutrophic brown soil under irrigation of Bagré, Burkina Faso.
Methodology and results: The granulometric soil organic matter fractionation method was used and allowed to follow the qualitative evolution of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. The results show that rice cultivation leads to reduction of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the upper horizons (0-20 cm) while an accumulation is observed in lower horizons (20-50 cm). In the lower horizons, the importance of accumulation depends of organic manure restitution level.
Conclusion and application: Contrary to results obtained under upland cropping systems, irrigated rice cultivation leads to an accumulation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen compared to “fallow”. Even complete crop residues removing in irrigated soil may result in organic carbon accumulation. This result has a great interest in organic and fertilizer management all the more reason that soil organic carbon accumulation result of lower soil organic matter mineralization. Thereby, for irrigated crops like rice which is exigent to nutrients mostly nitrogen, the combination of mineral fertilizers with organic manure well decomposed could allow a better nutrient nutrition. Furthermore, despite the production of methane, irrigated rice system could all the same contribute to atmospheric carbon sequestration.
Key words: carbon, nitrogen, accumulation, irrigated soil


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